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BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF ARTHROPODS, WEEDS MOLLUSCS
& INSECT IDENTIFICATION 1 The Biological and
Integrated Control of Agricultural Pests Emphasizing the
Classical Approach by the Use of Imported Natural Enemies |
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GENERAL
INDEX Database List Major Categories Biological Control Topics [Other Web
Sites]
Invading Species In North America Link
to: Animal & Plant Invasions
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BEHAVIOR,
ONTOGENY, REPRODUCTION Mycology
(Bacteria, Slime Molds, Fungi) |
PRINCIPAL NATURAL ENEMY
GROUPS |
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GLOSSARY (Scientific Terms) Beneficial Species Drawings/Photos
POOLED REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIES GENERAL REFERENCES MAP Links
Introductory Biological Pest Control ENTOMOLOGY (An Introduction)
E. F. Legner Vita List of Indexes SCROLL
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PREFACE
Biological control as a discipline
had its significant beginnings in the 19th Century to suppress insect
invasions and continues to grow in scope and achievements. The importance of natural enemy components
in effective agroecosystem management is
increasingly recognized. This first
organization of a textbook focuses on natural enemies to provide a sound
foundation for those pursuing biological and integrated control
professionally, particularly with emphasis on those aspects which have
yielded the greatest number of control successes: the acquisition, culture, establishment and manipulation of new
natural enemy species: Classical Biological
Control. Text accompanying each section is
paraphrased from cited references. No
claim is made that the bibliography associated with each subject is complete;
citations are not meant to include all material published on a particular
subject; however, cross-referencing
should access over 95% of the known literature. Early literature is also stressed because the natural enemies
and techniques developed offer viable pest control strategies in the wake of
the eclipse on biological control wrought by several decades of broad-spectrum
pesticide deployment and diversion to genetic manipulation. Research on host or prey organisms that is
pertinent to an understanding of natural enemies and their culture is
included. Scientific names are
temporarily those used in cited references, while an up-dating effort is
still in progress. A great quantity
of material has been compiled in this work, and its wide scope should meet
the needs of the most exacting practitioner.
The categories selected for this First Edition may be changed in
succeeding editions, and pertinent references for each category will be
included as they are found in the literature. Ideas expressed herein that are attributable to cited authors
shall be noted as such and duly credited to them. The General Index will serve to link the various
categories. For additions and corrections to this database
please contact the following for consideration emailfl.htm ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The following researchers, who
through the middle of the 20th Century and beyond untiringly inspired the
goals of biological control and made significant original contributions to a
solid foundation for this field, are gratefully acknowledged: Professors D. P. Annecke, A. P. Arthur, R.
R. Askew, B. R. Bartlett, E. C. Bay, B. P. Beirne, F. D. Bennett, T. S.
Bellows Jr., E. Biliotti, F. S. Bodenheimer, D. W. Clancy, C. P.
Clausen, H. Compere, H. C. Coppel, P.
H. DeBach, E. I. Dietrich, R. L. Doutt, H. El-Heneidy, F. M. Eskafi, S. E.
Flanders, T. W. Fisher, C. A. Fleschner, J. M. Franz, D. Gerling, M. A.
Ghani, R. D. Goeden, G. Gordh, S. Gothilf, D. J. Greathead, A. T. Gukasjan,
K. S. Hagen, I. M. Hall, D. E. Hardy, I. Harpaz, P. Harris, W. J. Hauser, A.
M. Heimpel, I. Hodek, M. Hoddle, J. K. Holloway, C. P. Hoyt, C. B. Huffaker,
B. Hurpin, A. Jimenez-Jimenez, M. Kogan, E. F. Knipling, A. Krieg, M. Laird,
J. J. Lipa, C. W. McCoy, Maldonado-Capriles, E. F. Legner, E. Mellini, P. S. Messenger, I. Moore, M. H. Muma, E.
S. Narayanan, A. J. Nicholson, P. Nuorteva, E. R. Oatman, G. A. Olton, R. E.
Orth, D. Pimentel, H. Pschorn-Walcher, V. P. Rao, E. Rivnay, D. Rosen, G.
Salt, E. I. Schlinger, A. Silveira-Guido, F. Silvestri, F. J. Simmonds, H. W.
Simmonds, R. D. Sjogren, W. A. Smirnoff, H. S. Smith, M. E. Solomon, P.
Starý, E. A. Steinhaus, E. Swirski, M. D. Tadic, M. Tanaka, T. H. C. Taylor, N. A. Telenga, S. V.
Trjapitzin, S-C. Tsai, C. Vago, R.
van den Bosch, G. Viggiani, G. A. Viktorov, L. Walters, D. F. Waterhouse, J.
Weiser, S. K. Wiackowski, F. Wilson, G. N. Wolcott, B. J. Wood, J. B. Woolley, K. Yasumatsu, and Hyo-sok
Yu. Further acknowledgment and
appreciation are made to Professors M. T. AliNiazee, L. Andrés, R. C. Axtell,
R. Baronowski, T. S. Bellows, D. M. Benjamin, J. S. Bernal, L. E. Caltagirone, K. P. Carl, D. A. Chant, L. D.
Charlet, A. Chiri, B. A. Croft, D. L. Davis, J. J. Drea, A. T. Drooz, A.
El-Heneidy, L. E. Ehler, K.
Fabritius, B. A. Federici, D. C. Force, B. Freier, S. Frommer, R. Garcia, C.
Geden, U. Gerson, R. D. Goeden, D. Gonzalez, R. R. Granados, P. D.
Greany, S. A. Hassan, B. A. Hawkins, D. H. Headrick, Y. Hirose,
M. M. T. Hokkanen, M. A. Hoy, J. Huber, C. M. Ignoffo, M. W. Johnson, H.
Kajita, R. Klunker, J. Lasalle, L. M. LeBeck, S. Long, R. F. Luck, J. C. Luhman, M. Mackauer, J. A. McMurtry,
R. A. Medved, J. W. Mertins, P. B. Morgan, B. A. Mullens, Y. Murakami, S.
Nagarkatti, R. S. Patterson, W. Peet, J. J.
Petersen, R. L. Pienkowski, D. Pimentel, G. O. Poinar, Jr., , H. T. Reynolds,
R. Ripa.-Schaul, D. A. Rutz, R. B. Ryan, M. F. Schuster, H. H. Shorey, R.
Stouthamer, S. N. Thompson, P. H. Timberlake, T. Tretiakova, M.
Tyndale-Biscoe, T. R. Unruh, J. C.
van Lenteren, R. L., Ridgway, J., Ridsdill-Smith, S. B. Vinson, M. Wallace,
R. W. Warkentin, R. M. Weseloh, G. Wylie, M. Wysoki, and G. Zinna for their encouragement and counsel. The assistance of the Beneficial
Insectary & Rincon-Vitova Insectary was also vital in the acquisition and
storage of data. In particular, the
encouragement of Everett Dietrick, Sinthya Penn
and Glenn Scriven was crucial. Max
Badgley and Ernest White created many of the photographic illustrations wilst
directing the Quarantine Insectary at The University of California. - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - SPECIFICATIONS Files were
created in Microsoft Word 2000.
Italics are represented in underlined or true italics format. Non-English references are given in
English whenever possible, or in French, German, Italian, Spanish and
Portuguese, each with characteristic letters and accents. The Czech alphabet, because of its
phonetic quality, is used to cite references in Slavic languages. This database is progressively corrected, updated, distributed free of
charge; and should not be reviewed, abstracted or quoted without agreement of
the cited authors and or publishers. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PURPOSE OF WEBSITE
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